Selçuk Izmir City: A City of History and Culture in Turkey
Selçuk, located in the province of Izmir, just 2 kilometers from the historic archaeological site of Ephesus, is a city rich in history dating back thousands of years. Its proximity to Ephesus and its cultural heritage make it a must-visit destination for history and culture lovers in Turkey.
Origins of Selçuk and its Historical Development
Archaeological research indicates that the first settlements in the Selçuk region date back around 8,000 years to the Chalcolithic period. However, the history of Selçuk is intrinsically linked to the ancient city of Ephesus, whose inhabitants began to leave due to the silting of the harbor. Many settled in Selçuk, marking the beginning of its development as a city.
Influence of the Aydınoğlu Dynasty
In the 13th century, under the rule of the Aydınoğlu dynasty, Selçuk experienced a cultural and urban renaissance. Isa Bey, one of the most prominent leaders of this dynasty, built significant monuments in the region, and the city was named Ayasuluk, referring to Saint John the Theologian in Greek.
Integration into the Ottoman Empire
Over time, Selçuk was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and integrated into Turkish territory. This phase solidified the city’s position as an important point in the region of Anatolia.
The Change from Ayasuluk to Selçuk
The name Ayasuluk was officially changed to Selçuk in 1913, influenced by the nationalist Unionist movement. This change was made in honor of the Seljuk Turks of Anatolia. During the Republic, Selçuk was designated as a district in 1957, having previously been affiliated with Kuşadası.
Development and Accessibility in the Modern Era
The construction of the Izmir – Denizli highway in the 1950s spurred the development of Selçuk, making the city more accessible and promoting tourism. Today, Selçuk is a well-connected city that attracts visitors from around the world thanks to its rich history and proximity to iconic sites.
Historical Heritage of Selçuk
Selçuk boasts an impressive historical heritage that includes some of the most important ancient and Turkish cultural sites. These include:
Temple of Artemis
The Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is one of Selçuk’s most famous archaeological sites. Although only remnants of the temple remain, its historical significance and connection to ancient Ephesus make it a must-see.
Isa Bey Mosque
Built in the 14th century, the Isa Bey Mosque is a masterpiece of Seljuk architecture. Its imposing structure and detailed decoration reflect the grandeur of the Aydınoğlu dynasty and the splendor of Islamic art from that period.
Basilica of St. John
On Ayasuluk Hill stands the Basilica of St. John, built in honor of St. John the Apostle. This historical site is of great religious and cultural importance, attracting both pilgrims and tourists interested in the Christian history of the region.
Selçuk Castle
Selçuk Castle, also located on Ayasuluk Hill, offers a panoramic view of the city and its surroundings. This castle was built and reinforced over the centuries and is a symbol of Selçuk’s resilience and history.
Selçuk and its Proximity to Ephesus
Selçuk is known for its proximity to the archaeological site of Ephesus, one of the most significant ancient sites in the world. The coast of Ephesus has receded 9 kilometers from its original location, leaving a plain in its place. The shared history between Ephesus and Selçuk further enriches the experience of visiting this region.
Tourism in Selçuk
Today, Selçuk is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Turkey, not only due to its proximity to Ephesus but also because of its own historical richness. The city welcomes visitors who come to explore the House of the Virgin Mary and other important religious and cultural sites.
House of the Virgin Mary
Located a few kilometers from Selçuk, the House of the Virgin Mary is a sacred place for both Christians and Muslims. This site is an important pilgrimage location and offers a peaceful and spiritual atmosphere.
Seljuk Art and Architecture
Selçuk is a key center for appreciating Seljuk art and architecture in Turkey. The city boasts numerous examples of this architectural style, reflecting the cultural heritage of the region.
Tips for Visiting Selçuk
- Getting There: Selçuk is accessible via the Izmir – Denizli highway, making transportation from nearby cities easy.
- Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
- Accommodation: There are accommodation options ranging from modern hotels to cozy family-run lodges.
Conclusion
Selçuk is a city that captures the essence of Turkey’s history and culture. With its proximity to Ephesus and its architectural and religious heritage, Selçuk is an essential destination for any traveler interested in exploring the past and legacy of Anatolia. From ancient temples to medieval castles, this city offers a rich cultural experience and a deep connection to Turkey’s history.
